- Gradation: Jump to the next gear. The close gradation ensures similar cadences (pedaling frequencies) after the gear change. There is no need to pedal suddenly, nor does it become unnecessarily tough.
- Translation: The ratio of one revolution of the crank on the pedal to the number of revolutions of the rear wheel (sprocket). Example: Chainring (front) with 44 teeth and sprocket (rear) with 11 teeth results in a ratio of: 44 / 11 = 4. One revolution of the crank corresponds to four revolutions of the wheels.
- Unfolding: It is related to the gear ratio. However, it is not just the number of revolutions that is counted, but the actual distance traveled with one revolution of the crank. The gear ratio as well as the size of the wheel with its rim and tire are decisive for this.
- Bandwidth/spread: The factor of the lowest gear ratio to the gear ratio in the gear shift combination. Example: lowest gear = 34×42 (corresponds to ratio 0.8) and highest gear = 44×11 (corresponds to ratio 4). The bandwidth is 4 / 0.8 = 5, i.e. factor 5 or 500% expressed in %.
- Cadence: The cadence on the crank in number of revolutions per minute. A good guideline is 80 revolutions per minute with +/- 20 revolutions for the maximum and minimum values. Professional racing cyclists reach up to 130 revolutions per minute when sprinting.
- Pinion cover: This indicates nothing other than the number of gears that can still be shifted in the largest/smallest chainring. Example: a 2×11 drivetrain (2 chainrings at the front, 11 sprockets at the rear); with a sprocket cover of 6, the large chainring can cover the 6 smallest sprockets and the small chainring can cover the 6 largest sprockets accordingly. Only with a 3-speed and 1-speed drivetrain can the middle chainring reach +/- the sprocket cover (starting from the center of the sprocket set).
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